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From Anecdote to Attack: The Cost of Anti‑Mormon Narratives

From Anecdote to Attack: The Cost of Anti‑Mormon Narratives

Part I of III

From Anecdote to Attack: The Cost of Anti‑Mormon Narratives

September 2025 · Author: Mormon Truth Project Editorial Team

Executive Summary. This paper surveys what social science and speech‑risk scholarship say about inflammatory, dehumanizing, and “dangerous” speech—and why it matters for Latter‑day Saints (LDS). Research shows that dehumanizing and uncivil rhetoric increases polarization, reduces empathy, and correlates with support for aggression. It also documents real‑world anti‑LDS hostility (e.g., sports‑arena chants vandalism, and attacks) and outlines why influential voices—including prominent critics—bear special responsibility to avoid sweeping generalizations about a faith community. Nothing herein argues for censorship; rather, we call for accuracy, proportionality, and counterspeech grounded in evidence and ethics.1

1) Concepts that matter: dangerous speech, dehumanization, and online incivility

Dangerous speech. The Dangerous Speech Project defines “dangerous speech” as expression that raises the risk its audience will condone or commit violence against a group—not only via explicit calls, but also through narratives that prime fear or disgust.1 The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum’s practical guide, Defusing Hate, applies these frameworks to reduce risk while protecting free expression.2

Dehumanization. Across multiple studies, blatant dehumanization predicts support for aggressive policies and is distinct from mere “dislike.”3 Research further shows that meta‑dehumanization—believing “they see us as less than human”—triggers reciprocal dehumanization and greater hostility, creating cycles of conflict.4 A related finding: dehumanization especially increases instrumental violence (harm seen as a means to an end).5

Incivility online. The “Nasty Effect” experiments show that uncivil comment threads polarize readers’ risk perceptions—even when the base article is identical.6 Neurocognitive work suggests that exposure to hateful comments can dampen brain responses associated with empathizing with others’ pain.7

Key takeaways:

  • Repeated exposure to dehumanizing or hateful language reduces empathy and heightens out‑group hostility.7
  • Feeling dehumanized often begets reciprocal dehumanization and support for punitive or aggressive measures.4
  • Incivility isn’t neutral “venting”; it measurably shapes audience attitudes and polarization.6

2) Anti‑LDS hostility in public life is real—not theoretical

Sports arenas. On February 22, 2025, after BYU upset Arizona in Tucson, video captured a crowd chant adding an expletive to “Mormons.” The University of Arizona publicly apologized the next day, acknowledging the derogatory chant aimed at BYU, the flagship school of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‑day Saints.8

Vandalism and harassment. Anti‑LDS graffiti and property damage appear regularly in local reporting (e.g., Colorado, 2023), and during California’s 2008 Proposition 8 fight, multiple LDS facilities sustained vandalism amid heated protests.9, 10

National data. Federal hate‑crime statistics track religion‑based targeting (with granular bias categories in downloadable tables). While anti‑Jewish and anti‑Muslim offenses comprise the largest shares nationally, the program also records offenses targeting other religious groups, including Latter‑day Saints, in state and local submissions.11, 12, 13 Reporting is imperfect and often undercounts incidents, but the trendlines underscore that religion‑based harassment and violence remain a real risk.14

3) Why rhetoric matters for people’s well‑being (including LDS members)

Peer‑reviewed studies link religion‑based discrimination—especially from peers—to worse mental‑health outcomes (stress, depression, reduced life satisfaction), whereas supportive religious community can buffer stressors for some youth.15, 16, 17, 18 Taken together with lab and field work on dehumanizing/incivil speech, these findings suggest that relentless derogation of a faith group is not a cost‑free “debate tactic”; it maps onto measurable harms.

4) The role—and responsibilities—of influential critics

4.1 John Dehlin’s rhetoric toward the Church

John Dehlin’s platforms (Mormon Stories, workshops, and associated sites) have, at times, framed the Church as “cult‑like” using the BITE model (Steven Hassan) and similar constructs. For example, a Mormon Stories resource page asserts: “I am absolutely convinced that the Mormon church meets full cult criteria.”19 Workshop descriptions likewise connect the BITE model to “high‑control groups like the Mormon church.”20

Why this matters: In the research literature, repeated portrayals of a group as uniquely manipulative, abusive, or sub‑human (or “cult‑like” in blanket terms) can function as dehumanizing frames in the eyes of audiences who do not have granular knowledge of believers’ day‑to‑day lives. Such frames elevate risk of hostility by (a) lowering empathy and (b) prompting retaliatory narratives.4, 3, 7

4.2 Professional status and ethical guardrails

Dehlin publicly clarifies that he is not a licensed psychologist (though he holds a Ph.D. and extensive supervised clinical hours) and that he operates a coaching practice rather than psychotherapy; he states he’s never claimed licensure.21 This transparency is welcome. Still, when work intersects with vulnerable populations (e.g., people in faith crisis), broadly accepted ethical principles in psychology emphasize beneficence/non‑maleficence and respect for people’s rights and dignity—including avoiding biased, demeaning characterizations of groups.22, 23

Bottom line for influencers (pro‑ or anti‑church): The science says tone, generalization, and dehumanizing labels matter. Platforms that repeatedly depict an entire faith community as “cultic,” “toxic,” or uniquely harmful risk nudging audiences toward contempt rather than constructive help for those who struggle—LGBTQ members, people of color, women, and others included.6, 7

5) Speech, risk, and law: what’s protected vs. what’s prudent

The U.S. strongly protects offensive and even inflammatory speech. Criminal liability for incitement requires advocacy “directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action” and likely to produce it (Brandenburg v. Ohio).24 “True threats” require, at minimum, a reckless mental state regarding the threatening nature of the communication (Counterman v. Colorado).25 Most anti‑LDS commentary is legal. But legality is a floor, not a standard of wisdom or care—especially as platforms themselves (e.g., X/Twitter) prohibit dehumanization of religious groups given the link to offline harm.26

6) A sobering contemporaneous example: escalatory climates and the Charlie Kirk killing

While not directly about Latter‑day Saints, the September 10, 2025 shooting that killed conservative activist Charlie Kirk during a Utah Valley University event illustrates how infused, polarized information climates can metastasize into violence and disinformation storms. Within days, authorities charged a 22‑year‑old suspect with aggravated murder; major outlets documented waves of conspiracies and sharp rhetoric that followed.27, 28, 29, 30 The lesson for all sides—including anti‑LDS critics and defenders—is straightforward: avoid language that paints whole groups as malevolent monoliths or “less than human.” The risks are real; the remedy is rigor and restraint.

7) What responsible critique looks like (recommendations)

  1. Separate systems critique from member devaluation. Identify concrete policies, doctrines, or leadership decisions; avoid labels that globally pathologize ordinary members who worship, volunteer, and serve.23
  2. Use proportional evidence. Avoid extrapolating from vivid anecdotes to the entire church. Spotlight base rates and denominational context when discussing harms.
  3. Prefer counterspeech that humanizes. Evidence‑backed approaches (e.g., empathy‑based counterspeech) reduce hate expression more effectively than taunts.31
  4. Mind platform norms. Even when lawful, group‑dehumanizing rhetoric violates many platforms’ rules because of documented offline risks.26
  5. Balance the record. When critiquing the Church, acknowledge countervailing data (e.g., humanitarian work, community benefits) to avoid skew.32

8) Evidentiary balance: recognizing LDS contributions while debating policy

Multiple official and independent summaries report that in 2024 the Church supported 3,836 humanitarian projects across 192 countries/territories, with US$1.45 billion in expenditures and 6.6 million volunteer hours—figures covered by the Church Newsroom, the Church’s “Caring for Those in Need” summary, and independent outlets.32, 33, 34 Whatever one’s view of LDS doctrine, these data complicate totalizing narratives about the community’s social value.


Notes & Sources (all links verified Sep 18, 2025)

  1. Dangerous Speech Project, “What is Dangerous Speech?” dangerousspeech.org. See also USHMM overview of dangerous speech applications.
  2. Defusing Hate: A Strategic Communication Guide to Counteract Dangerous Speech (U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum). PDF: ushmm.org; landing page: link.
  3. Kteily, N. & Bruneau, E., et al. On dehumanization as a unique predictor of hostility. Overview PDF (teaching compendium): UNC. Foundational measure and findings across conflicts.
  4. Kteily, N., Hodson, G., & Bruneau, E. “They See Us as Less Than Human: Metadehumanization Predicts Intergroup Conflict via Reciprocal Dehumanization.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2016). PubMed: link; see also Landry et al., 2020/2022: PDF.
  5. Rai, T. S., Valdesolo, P., & Graham, J. “Dehumanization increases instrumental violence, but not moral violence.” PNAS (2017). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705238114.
  6. Anderson, A. A., Brossard, D., Scheufele, D. A., Xenos, M., & Ladwig, P. “The ‘Nasty Effect’: Online Incivility and Risk Perceptions of Emerging Technologies.” Journal of Computer‑Mediated Communication (2014). Wiley: link; OUP copy: link.
  7. Pluta, A., et al. “Exposure to hate speech deteriorates neurocognitive mechanisms of the ability to understand others’ pain.” Scientific Reports (2023). Nature: link; PubMed: link.
  8. Myron Medcalf, “Arizona apologizes for fans’ derogatory chant aimed at BYU.” ESPN, Feb 23, 2025. link.
  9. Local example of anti‑LDS vandalism (Colorado, 2023): CBS Denver/Colorado affiliates have reported periodic LDS chapel vandalism; representative coverage includes regional broadcast and police blotters. (One example set: 2023 vandalism reports in the Front Range.)
  10. “LDS church building vandalized as protests over Prop 8 continue.” KCRA 3 (Sacramento), Nov 2008. link.
  11. FBI Hate Crime Statistics 2017 — Table 1 and Topic Pages. FBI UCR: Table 1; Overview: incidents/offenses.
  12. FBI Hate Crime Statistics 2018 — Table 1 & Table 7. FBI UCR: Table 1; Table 7; Overview: incidents/offenses.
  13. U.S. Department of Justice, Hate Crimes: summary dashboards and links to FBI reports. link.
  14. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Hate Crime Recorded by Law Enforcement, 2010–2019. PDF.
  15. Rice (Boniuk Institute) news release: “Peer religious discrimination harms mental health more than exclusionary policies.” Sept 21, 2023. link.
  16. Sharif, M. Z., et al. “The association between experiences of religious discrimination and social‑emotional adjustment and sleep outcomes.” Ssm‑Mental Health (2021). Open access: PMCID: PMC8350065.
  17. Estrada, C. A. M., et al. “Religious education can contribute to adolescent mental health.” Int’l J Mental Health Systems (2019). link.
  18. Scheitle, C. P., et al. “Perceived religious discrimination and health.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion (2023). link.
  19. Mormon Stories resource page with explicit claim that “the Mormon church meets full cult criteria.” mormonstories.org/resources/ (language present on page as of verification).
  20. Mormon Stories workshop description referencing “high‑control groups like the Mormon church.” link.
  21. “On My Education, Training, Licensure Status, and Coaching Practice.” Mormon Stories (John Dehlin) explanatory page. link.
  22. American Psychological Association, Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. link (see General Principles A & E).
  23. APA Style, “Bias‑free language.” link.
  24. Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969). Oyez: summary; Justia: opinion.
  25. Counterman v. Colorado, 600 U.S. 66 (2023). Supreme Court PDF: opinion; summary: Oyez.
  26. X/Twitter policy statements on dehumanization/hateful conduct (religion). Blog: 2018, 2019; Help Center: policy. Coverage: WaPo, The Verge.
  27. ABC News visual timeline and follow‑ups on the Sept 10, 2025 shooting death of Charlie Kirk at UVU, case developments and suspect custody. timeline; custody/conditions: update.
  28. Politico, “After Charlie Kirk’s killing, false claims flourish online—with help from U.S. adversaries,” Sept 17, 2025. link.
  29. Los Angeles Times, “Charlie Kirk’s killing roils Huntington Beach,” Sept 17, 2025. link.
  30. Fox News live coverage/updates on charges and death‑penalty intent, Sept 16–17, 2025. Sept 16; Sept 17.
  31. Hangartner, D., et al., “Empathy‑based counterspeech can reduce racist hate speech in a social‑media field experiment.” PNAS (2021). Open access: PMCID: PMC8685915.
  32. “A World of Caring: 2024 Caring for Those in Need Summary.” Church Newsroom, Mar 25, 2025. link; summary hub: link; PDF (at‑a‑glance): PDF. Independent coverage: Deseret News.
  33. Regional newsroom recaps citing the same 2024 totals (e.g., Europe, Africa). Europe.

Do LDS Missionaries Hide That Being Gay Is a Sin

Do LDS Missionaries Hide That Being Gay Is a Sin

Bottom Line

The Church does not teach “being gay is a sin.” Chastity is a commandment for all. Missionaries teach this clearly. LGBTQ+ discipleship is real — and Christ’s invitation is inclusive and rooted in truth, not affirmation alone.

Podcast YouTube – “Sister Grenfell”
Episode Everything Mormon Missionaries DON’T Tell You
Category Church Doctrine / LGBTQ+
Quote “They will not tell you that being gay is a sin… If you convert as a gay member, you’ll be expected to live a life of celibacy or marry heterosexually. That’s the only option.” — “Sister Grenfell”, 01:25:04–01:26:40
Core Claim The Church teaches being gay is sinful, missionaries conceal this, and LGBTQ converts are forced into celibacy or heterosexual marriages.
Conclusion False → Straw Man Distortion
Logical Questions
  • Does the Church say “being gay is a sin”?
  • Are all members called to live chastity, or just LGBTQ+?
  • Does the Church force straight marriages or deny spiritual participation?

🔍 Core Finding

💬 Feelings ≠ Sin

The Church distinguishes between orientation and behavior:

“Same-sex attraction itself is not a sin. If you have these feelings and do not pursue or act on them, you are living a faithful life.”
ChurchofJesusChrist.org: Same-Sex Attraction

⚖️ Missionaries DO Teach the Law of Chastity

All converts are taught that sexual intimacy is reserved for marriage between a man and a woman (D&C 42:22–24). LGBTQ individuals are not singled out — this is a universal standard.

💍 Marriage is Not “Forced”

Church leaders explicitly counsel against entering straight marriages to “resolve” same-gender attraction:

“We counsel against any kind of marriage for purposes of trying to resolve same-gender feelings.”
Elder Dallin H. Oaks, 2006

❤️ The Gospel is for Everyone

LGBTQ members who keep covenants may:

  • Be baptized and confirmed
  • Hold callings and serve
  • Receive the Holy Ghost and temple recommend
  • Be fully loved and supported in their ward

 

📚 Sources

Teaching Poor Members to Pay Tithing Is Evil

Teaching Poor Members to Pay Tithing Is Evil

Bottom Line

Calling tithing “evil” isn’t brave. It’s lazy. The Church doesn’t let the poor starve. It feeds them — with food and with faith. Doctrine without context isn’t truth. It’s a talking point.

Podcast YouTube – Anonymous Creator
Episode “How the Mormon Church Secretly Built a $293 Billion Fortune”
Category Tithing Ethics & Accusations of Harm
Quote “You’re giving this multi-billion dollar church your 10%. Food or tithing — pay tithing. How can you say that with a straight face? That’s just evil.” — Narrator, 00:56:05
Core Claim The Church’s tithing doctrine causes harm to the poor and is morally evil.
Conclusion Emotional Assertion / Intentionally Misframed Doctrine

🔍 Core Findings

The narrator calls the Church’s tithing doctrine “evil” — but leaves out the spiritual framework, the voluntary nature of tithing, and the welfare resources available to every member. It’s not coercion — it’s consecration. And the Church teaches both sacrifice and support.

📖 What the Church Actually Teaches

  • Tithing is voluntary and confidential.
  • Bishops are trained to help anyone in need, regardless of donation history.
  • Members are not denied food, rent, or employment support because they don’t tithe.

📖 Scriptural Principle

“The Lord will open the windows of heaven… and pour you out a blessing.”
Malachi 3:10

To believers, tithing is a spiritual act of trust — not a contract. You may disagree with that faith, but calling it “evil” ignores what it actually means to the people who live it.

📚 Sources

Missionaries Withhold Church Beliefs to Secure Baptisms

Missionaries Withhold Church Beliefs to Secure Baptisms

Bottom Line

To claim that missionaries “don’t want full informed consent” is spiritually cynical and doctrinally untrue. The gospel invites faith, not frontloading. Missionaries teach with spiritual integrity under priesthood keys. Converts are responsible for their own seeking, prayer, and confirmation.

Podcast YouTube – “Sister Grenfell” (Ex-Missionary Creator)
Episode Everything Mormon Missionaries DON’T Tell You
Category Missionary Practices / Alleged Concealment
Quote “And so all of that is important to share. so that you can understand that a missionary’s goal is to get you baptized… It’s not to explain everything about the church. The goal is not to have full informed consent.” — “Sister Grenfell”, 00:04:59–00:05:10
Core Claim Missionaries deliberately avoid teaching full doctrine or “informed consent” and are primarily focused on securing baptisms quickly, potentially misleading converts.
Conclusion Misleading
Logical Questions
  • Does Preach My Gospel explicitly instruct missionaries to withhold information?
  • What is the “milk before meat” principle and is it deceitful?
  • Are converts truly uninformed at baptism, or are they introduced progressively in line with scriptural precedent?

🔍 Core Finding

📘 Do Missionaries Fast-Track Without Full Consent?

No. Preach My Gospel outlines a principle-based teaching framework where spiritual preparation and doctrinal understanding are nurtured line upon line (Isaiah 28:10, D&C 19:22). The focus is on spiritual readiness, not deceptive omission.

🥛 Meat Before Milk — Scriptural Not Secret

The “milk before meat” principle originates in scripture (1 Corinthians 3:2; Hebrews 5:12–14). Even Jesus withheld deeper teachings from disciples until they were spiritually ready (John 16:12). This is not deception — it’s sacred pacing.

🧾 Informed, Not Overloaded

Missionaries are not university professors giving a full religious dissertation. They are guides, introducing foundational principles as taught by Christ (faith, repentance, baptism). Conversion requires personal study, prayer, and spiritual confirmation — not academic overload (Moroni 10:4–5).

⚖️ Is it Informed Consent?

Yes — baptismal candidates must:

  • Attend church multiple times
  • Meet with missionaries and local leaders
  • Affirm belief in restored gospel, commandments, and the Savior
  • Pass a formal interview on commandments including tithing, chastity, Word of Wisdom, and sustaining Church leaders

All outlined in General Handbook 38.2.1.

📚 Sources

“Mormon Church Linked to Epstein Files?!” Nice Try Jorge Lopez

“Mormon Church Linked to Epstein Files?!” Nice Try Jorge Lopez

Bottom Line

This TikTok attempts to frame the LDS Church as morally culpable through unrelated financial investments. It’s dishonest, manipulative, and disrespects the complexity of modern investment systems.

Platform TikTok
Creator Jorge Lopez (@jorgesanch333z)
Category Financial Ethics & Political Manipulation
Quote “So most people don’t know that Les Wexner, the former CEO of L Brands… gave Jeffrey Epstein full power of attorney… And on top of that, Ensign Peak (Mormon Church) was an investor in L Brands… through shell companies… And all four Utah representatives voted against releasing the Epstein files… This is all so suspicious…” — Jorge Lopez,
Core Claim The LDS Church knowingly invested in L Brands (linked to Epstein) and covered it up via shell companies; Utah politicians helped hide Epstein’s crimes.
Conclusion Misleading / Guilt by Association Fallacy
Logical Questions
  • Did Ensign Peak knowingly support Epstein-linked entities?
  • Were the shell companies criminal or standard investment structures?
  • Do passive investments equate to moral complicity?

🔍 Core Finding

1. Passive ≠ Complicit. Ensign Peak manages billions across diversified portfolios like most institutional investors. No evidence supports the Church having operational control over L Brands or knowledge of Epstein’s conduct through Les Wexner.

2. “Shell Companies” were regulatory, not criminal. The Church’s 2023 SEC settlement confirms failure to file correctly—not illegal behavior. Many nonprofits and religious groups use intermediaries for privacy and protection.

3. L Brands ≠ Epstein. L Brands was a global brand. Wexner’s poor personal judgment doesn’t taint every shareholder. Claiming so is emotional misdirection and guilt by association.

4. Utah Reps ≠ Church Plot. The Epstein vote (Roll Call 136) split by party, not religion. LDS Church did not direct or lobby the vote. Utah Republicans often vote with national GOP strategy.

🧠 Manipulation & Logic Check

  • Fallacy: Guilt by association (Church → Wexner → Epstein).
  • Emotional trigger: Weaponizes Epstein’s crimes to imply institutional corruption without evidence.

⚠️ Defamation Risk

While not direct, the accusation pattern may rise to reckless implication. Linking a religion to crimes without evidence introduces reputational harm risk.

📚 Sources